Death Anxiety and Hopelessness as Correlate of Cardiac Disease

Abstract

Present research was conducted to study the feelings of hopelessness and death anxiety among the heart patients. The sample consisted on 100 participants and the age range of participants was 21 to 51 years. 64 respondents were from rural areas and 36 were from urban areas. Data was taken from the Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Gujranwala. The purposive and convenience sampling was used to collect the data. Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were used as research instruments. The results reveals that there is positive correlation between the death anxiety and the hopelessness. It is also revealed that death anxiety is positively correlated with middle level of education and hopelessness is correlated with low level of education. Similarly, higher level of death anxiety was found among individuals from rural areas whereas individuals from urban areas showed higher level of hopelessness. There was no significant difference in death anxiety among married and unmarried individuals whereas married individuals showed higher level of hopelessness with cardiac diseases.